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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Hearing Science

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of hearing ability is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Word recognition (WR) tasks are standard tools for evaluating speech understanding.
  • Comparing the precision of different WR task formats is essential for optimizing hearing assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the precision of closed-set (forced-choice) and open-set (open-ended) word recognition tasks.
  • To determine which task format is more effective in identifying changes in hearing ability.
  • To assess the efficiency of different WR tasks under various speech degradation conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy listeners with normal hearing participated in the study.
  • Word recognition performance was measured using closed-set (4 and 6 choices) and open-set tasks.
  • Speech stimuli were degraded using either noise or a sine wave vocoder across different signal-to-noise ratios and channel numbers.

Main Results:

  • Both noise and vocoder conditions produced similar psychometric functions, with closed-set tasks showing shallower slopes and higher scores than open-set tasks.
  • Computer simulations and analysis of individual data using confidence intervals revealed the following efficiency order (most to least): open-set (phoneme), open-set (word), closed-set (6 choices), and closed-set (4 choices).

Conclusions:

  • While closed-set word recognition testing offers practical advantages for implementation, its precision in detecting hearing changes is lower than that of open-set tasks.
  • Open-set tasks, particularly at the phoneme level, demonstrate superior precision for identifying subtle changes in hearing.
  • The choice between open-set and closed-set tasks should consider the trade-off between implementation ease and diagnostic precision.