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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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It’s plausible to suppose that the greater the velocity of a body, the greater effect it could have on other bodies. This does not depend on the direction of the velocity, only its magnitude. At the end of the seventeenth century, a quantity was introduced into mechanics to explain collisions between two perfectly elastic bodies, in which one body makes a head-on collision with an identical body at rest. When they collide, the first body stops, and the second body moves off with the...
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Evaluation of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Wrist Wearables to Estimate Stress on Students
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Wrist kinetics after scaphoidectomy.

J López-Valenciano1, L Aguilella2, D Montaner-Alonso3

  • 1Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Avenida de la Generalitat Valenciana 50, 46940 Manises, Spain.

Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)
|June 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scaphoid excision alone causes significant carpal instability, leading to detrimental wrist joint misalignment. This surgical approach requires additional stabilization to avoid adverse outcomes.

Keywords:
CarpusInstabilityKineticsScaphoidScaphoidectomyWrist

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic biomechanics
  • Surgical anatomy
  • Wrist kinematics

Background:

  • Scaphoid excision is known to cause carpal dysfunction.
  • The precise biomechanical consequences of scaphoidectomy have not been previously quantified in a laboratory setting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinematic effects of scaphoid excision on carpal alignment under simulated physiological loading.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a six-degrees-of-freedom motion tracking system.
  • Quantified carpal alignment changes in 12 fresh cadaveric wrists.
  • Applied isometric loading to five key wrist tendons before and after scaphoid excision.

Main Results:

  • Intact wrist: Tendon loading extended the capitate and flexed the triquetrum.
  • Post-scaphoidectomy: Significant opposite rotations observed; capitate flexed and pronated, triquetrum migrated proximally, extended, and radially deviated.

Conclusions:

  • Scaphoidectomy alone results in significant carpal instability and malalignment.
  • This procedure is too aggressive for treating wrist osteoarthritis without supplementary midcarpal stabilization.