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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Red Light Triggered Fluorogenic Reaction with Picomolar Sensitivity Toward Nucleic Acids.

Oleksii Zozulia1, Tobias Bachmann1, Andriy Mokhir1

  • 1Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
|June 15, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new, highly sensitive nucleic acid detection method using a red light-activated reaction. This improved photochemical templated reaction is over 200-fold more sensitive and works in live cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Nucleic Acid Detection
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Previously reported red light-triggered, singlet oxygen-mediated fluorogenic reaction templated by nucleic acids.
  • Original method limited by high template concentrations (>2 nM) and inefficient intermolecular electron transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome limitations of low reagent concentrations in photochemical templated reactions.
  • To enhance sensitivity and applicability of nucleic acid detection methods.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated inefficient intermolecular electron transfer in the rate-limiting step.
  • Developed an improved cleavable moiety combining a 9-alkoxyanthracene and a two-electron donating fragment.
  • Enabled efficient intramolecular electron transfer to the endoperoxide intermediate.

Main Results:

  • The new approach enables efficient intramolecular electron transfer, independent of reagent concentration.
  • Achieved over 200-fold increase in sensitivity compared to the previous method.
  • Demonstrated fast reaction times (<30 min), sequence specificity, and compatibility with live cells.

Conclusions:

  • The improved photochemical templated reaction is highly sensitive, sequence-specific, and compatible with live cells.
  • Represents the best reported cell-compatible photochemical templated reaction to date.
  • Offers a promising tool for advanced nucleic acid detection and biological studies.