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Endockscope: A Disruptive Endoscopic Technology.

Sherry Lu1, Courtney M Cottone1, Renai Yoon1

  • 1Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Endockscope system (ES), a low-cost smartphone-based endoscope, demonstrates comparable optical performance and diagnostic capability to standard endoscopic systems (SES) for rigid and semi-rigid urological procedures. The Samsung Galaxy S9+ showed better results than the iPhone X for abdominal evaluations.

Keywords:
endockscopemobile technologynephrolithiasisrigid endoscopysmartphones

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Technology
  • Urology
  • Surgical Imaging

Background:

  • Standard endoscopic systems (SES) are expensive, costing approximately $45,000.
  • The Endockscope system (ES) offers a low-cost alternative ($45) using smartphone technology and LED illumination.
  • Assessing the diagnostic capability of low-cost endoscopic systems is crucial for widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the optical performance and diagnostic accuracy of the Endockscope system (ES) against the standard endoscopic system (SES).
  • To assess the ES's suitability for various rigid and semi-rigid endoscopic procedures, including nephroscopy, ureteroscopy, cystoscopy, and laparoscopy.
  • To determine if smartphone-based endoscopy can provide equivalent diagnostic information to high-cost traditional systems.

Main Methods:

  • Video recordings were made using the ES (with iPhone X or Samsung Galaxy S9+) and a high-definition SES (Karl Storz) on cadavers.
  • Procedures included rigid nephroscopy, semi-rigid ureteroscopy, rigid cystoscopy, and laparoscopy.
  • Sixteen urologists assessed image quality (resolution, brightness, color, sharpness, overall quality) and diagnostic acceptability.

Main Results:

  • For rigid cystoscopy, ES performance was statistically similar to SES.
  • For semi-rigid ureteroscopy, ES performed equally or better than SES.
  • For rigid nephroscopy and laparoscopy, the ES with Samsung Galaxy S9+ showed comparable or slightly inferior results in specific parameters (brightness, overall quality) compared to SES; the ES with iPhone X was generally inferior for laparoscopy.

Conclusions:

  • The Endockscope system, particularly with the Samsung Galaxy S9+, provides comparable imaging and diagnostic capabilities to standard systems for rigid endoscopy of the urinary tract.
  • The ES with the Galaxy S9+ also offers equivalent diagnostic capabilities for abdominal evaluation (laparoscopy).
  • Smartphone-based endoscopy represents a viable, low-cost alternative for various endoscopic procedures, with performance varying by smartphone model and procedure type.