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Assessing Postconcussive Reaction Time Using Transport-Based Morphometry of Diffusion Tensor Images.

S Kundu1, A Ghodadra2, S Fakhran3

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Transport-based morphometry identified white matter microstructural injuries linked to slower reaction times after mild traumatic brain injury. This technique visualizes brain changes affecting visual-spatial processing and response selection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Injury Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cognitive deficits, particularly slowed reaction time, are common after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
  • The specific white matter microstructural injuries underlying these cognitive changes remain poorly understood.
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) offers insights into white matter integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate white matter microstructural injury associated with reaction time deficits in mTBI patients.
  • To apply a novel 3D transport-based morphometry (TBM) technique to automatically identify these injuries.
  • To correlate microstructural changes with functional outcomes like reaction time.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of DTI data from 64 mTBI patients (ages 10-28).
  • Measurement of reaction time percentile using Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing.
  • Application of 3D TBM to fractional anisotropy (FA) maps to extract injury patterns.
  • Statistical significance confirmed using permutation testing.

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was found between transport space direction and reaction time, even after controlling for age, sex, and time from injury (Pearson r = 0.44, P < .01).
  • TBM revealed increased FA in the corpus callosum and decreased FA in optic radiations, corticospinal tracts, and anterior thalamic radiations with slower reaction times.
  • These microstructural shifts align with known pathways for visual-spatial interpretation and response selection.

Conclusions:

  • Transport-based morphometry effectively identifies complex white matter injuries underlying post-concussive reaction time deficits automatically.
  • The technique visualizes potential contributions of edema and axonal loss to cognitive impairments.
  • TBM provides a method to bridge the gap between brain microstructure and function in conditions with unknown structural bases.