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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: August 5, 2014
Neuropsychological outcomes following traumatic brain injury
Sallie Baxendale1, Dominic Heaney2, Fergus Rugg-Gunn3
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK s.baxendale@ucl.ac.uk.
Abstract:
This review examines the clinical and neuroradiological features of traumatic brain injury that are most frequently associated with persistent cognitive complaints. Neuropsychological outcomes do not depend solely on brain injury severity but result from a complex interplay between premorbid factors, the extent and nature of the underlying structural damage, the person's neuropsychological reserve and the impact of non-neurological factors in the recovery process. Brain injury severity is only one of these factors and has limited prognostic significance with respect to neuropsychological outcome. We examine the preinjury and postinjury factors that interact with the severity of a traumatic brain injury to shape outcome trajectories. We aim to provide a practical base on which to build discussions with the patient and their family about what to expect following injury and also to plan appropriate neurorehabilitation.
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