Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI
Published on: March 6, 2014
Effect of MRI-based semiautomatic size-assessment in cerebral metastases on the RANO-BM classification
Hans-Christian Bauknecht1, Randolf Klingebiel2, Patrick Hein3
1Department of Neuroradiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. christian.bauknecht@charite.de.
Aim:
Evaluation of a semiautomatic software algorithm for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based assessment of cerebral metastases in cancer patients.
Material And Methods:
Brain metastases (n = 131) in 38 patients, assessed by contrast-enhanced MRI, were retrospectively evaluated at two timepoints (baseline, follow-up) by two experienced neuroradiologists in a blinded manner. The response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) criteria for brain metastases (RANO-BM) were applied by means of a software (autoRANO-BM) as well as manually (manRANO-BM) at an interval of 3 weeks.
Results:
The average diameter of metastases was 12.03 mm (SD ± 6.66 mm) for manRANO-BM and 13.97 mm (SD ± 7.76 mm) for autoRANO-BM. Diameter figures were higher when using semiautomatic measurements (median = 11.8 mm) as compared to the manual ones (median = 10.2 mm; p = 0.000). Correlation coefficients for intra-observer variability were 0.993 (autoRANO-BM) and 0.979 (manRANO-BM). The interobserver variability (R1/R2) was 0.936/0.965 for manRANO-BM and 0.989/0.998 for autoRANO-BM. A total of 19 lesions (15%) were classified differently when using semiautomatic measurements. In 14 cases with suspected disease progression by manRANO-BM a stable course was found according to autoRANO-BM.
Conclusion:
Computerized measuring techniques can aid in the assessment of cerebral metastases by reducing examiner-dependent effects and may consequently result in a different classification according to RANO-BM criteria.
Related Concept Videos
Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types
Titrations between an acid and a base lead to neutralization reactions that form...
Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications
Classification of Neurotransmitters
Classification of Leukocytes
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
Classification of Bones
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
Force Classification
Contact and non-contact forces are two of the most widely used categories of forces. As the name suggests, contact forces require physical contact between two objects to act upon each other. Examples of contact forces include frictional,...

