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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum
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Little Children, Bigger Problems: Anti-N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis!

Ashwini Prithvi1, Shivan Kesavan1, Arushi Gahlot Saini2

  • 1Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|June 15, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis can affect young children, presenting with severe neurological symptoms. This case highlights a toddler

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autoimmune encephalitis targeting N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) is a recognized neurological disorder.
  • While documented in children, its presentation and treatment response in very young toddlers remain less understood.

Observation:

  • An 18-month-old boy experienced seizures, movement disorder, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed the presence of NMDAR antibodies.

Findings:

  • The child received standard immunomodulatory treatments including pulse corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin.
  • Despite treatment, the patient showed a poor response, and no associated tumor was identified.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the occurrence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in toddlers.
  • It suggests a potentially poorer treatment response in this age group, warranting further investigation into age-specific therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
Anti-N-methyl D-aspartateAutoimmune encephalitisEncephalitisInfantNMDAR

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