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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Complementary Approaches to Imaging Subcellular Lipid Architectures in Live Bacteria Using Phosphorescent Iridium

Anna Maria Ranieri1, Chiara Caporale1, Valentina Fiorini2

  • 1Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, and School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, WA, Australia.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

New iridium(III) tetrazolato complexes act as non-toxic bacterial imaging agents. These luminescent probes rapidly target lipid vacuoles in Bacillus Cereus, enabling color-tuned imaging and chemical analysis.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopybacterial imagingimaging agentsiridiumluminescence

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Chemical Imaging

Background:

  • Bacterial imaging agents are crucial for diagnostics and research.
  • Developing non-toxic, efficient probes with tunable properties is an ongoing challenge.
  • Iridium(III) complexes offer potential due to their photophysical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neutral iridium(III) tetrazolato complexes as novel bacterial imaging agents.
  • To evaluate their cellular uptake, localization, and toxicity in Bacillus Cereus.
  • To explore their utility in combination with advanced imaging techniques for chemical analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of three neutral iridium(III) tetrazolato complexes.
  • Assessment of bacterial growth inhibition and cellular uptake kinetics.
  • Confocal Raman microscopy for label-free imaging and chemical composition analysis of live bacteria.
  • Fluorescence microscopy for visualizing probe localization.

Main Results:

  • The iridium(III) complexes exhibited tunable emission from green to red (520-600 nm) in aqueous media.
  • Complexes showed no inhibition of Bacillus Cereus growth and rapid cellular uptake.
  • Subcellular localization within lipid vacuoles was observed after one minute.
  • Confocal Raman imaging provided label-free mapping of lipid-enriched organelles.
  • Raman spectra suggested the presence of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in lipid vacuoles.

Conclusions:

  • Neutral iridium(III) tetrazolato complexes are effective, non-toxic bacterial imaging agents.
  • These probes enable rapid, color-tunable visualization of lipid vacuoles in live bacteria.
  • Confocal Raman imaging complements luminescent probes, offering label-free chemical insights into bacterial lipid composition.