Quantum-Confined-Superfluidics-Enabled Moisture Actuation Based on Unilaterally Structured Graphene Oxide Papers

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Robotics

Background:

• Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits strong interaction with water, driving interest in GO-based films for various applications.
• Controlling ultrafast water transmission and deformation in GO films remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report quantum-confined-superfluidics-enabled moisture actuation of GO paper using periodic gratings.
• To investigate water-adsorption-induced expansion in GO paper both theoretically and experimentally.

Main Methods:

• Introducing periodic gratings unilaterally to GO paper to create quantum-confined-superfluidics channels.
• Utilizing folded GO nanosheets as channels to enhance water adsorption and actuation.
• Conducting theoretical and experimental investigations of GO paper expansion.

Main Results:

• Achieved ultrafast response (1.24 cm⁻¹ s⁻¹) and large deformation degrees in GO paper.
• Demonstrated complex and predictable deformation for moisture actuation.
• Successfully developed biomimetic mini-robots, including a creeping centipede and a ladybug-catching smart leaf.

Conclusions:

• The quantum-confined-superfluidics approach offers simple and universal control for 2D material actuation.
• GO paper with periodic gratings shows great potential for developing advanced graphene-based smart robots.