Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026
Author Spotlight: Simulating Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Using a Neonatal Piglet Model
Published on: May 26, 2023
Comparative Study of Oral Midazolam Syrup and Intranasal Midazolam Spray for Sedative Premedication in Pediatric
Imran Mehdi1, Shirin Parveen1, Sanjay Choubey1
1Department of Anaesthesiology, ERA's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Introduction:
Midazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine which is frequently administered by intravenous and oral routes. Its nasal spray has become recently available.
Materials And Methods:
In this study, after obtaining clearance from the ethical committe, 66 patients between the age group of 4 and 10 years comparable in demographic variables were randomly allocated into two groups of 33 each. Group "O" received oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) 20 min before induction. Group "N" received intranasal midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) 20 min before induction. The heart rate and blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean) and oxygen saturation (SPO2) were recorded.
Statistical Analysis Used:
The statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 15.0 software. The values were represented in number (%) and mean±sd.
Results:
Satisfactory sedation scores were better in nasal spray group than oral group. Satisfactory ease of induction scores, recovery times, and postanesthesia recovery scores were better in the nasal spray group than in the oral group.
Conclusion:
Nasal midazolam spray is acceptable and is a good alternative to oral midazolam as premedication in the pediatric population.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
01:20Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates
01:19Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
01:17Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
01:11Oral Cavity
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
02:26Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...