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Single-Atom Coated Separator for Robust Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Kun Zhang1, Zhongxin Chen2, Ruiqi Ning1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China.

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Single-atom catalysts on graphene foam improve lithium-sulfur batteries by reducing the voltage gap and boosting cycle life. Iron single-atom catalysts (Fe SACs) show particular promise for enhanced battery performance.

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battery separatorin situ Raman measurementlithium−sulfur batterypolysulfide shuttling effectsingle-atom catalyst

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries offer high energy density but suffer from polysulfide shuttling, limiting cycle life and efficiency.
  • The polysulfide shuttle effect causes a voltage gap between charging and discharging, reducing overall energy efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for mitigating polysulfide shuttling in Li-S batteries.
  • To enhance the cycle life and energy efficiency of Li-S batteries using single-atom catalysts (SACs).

Main Methods:

  • Graphene foam impregnated with single-atom catalysts (SACs) was coated onto commercial polypropylene separators.
  • The catalytic activity of Fe, Co, and Ni SACs on polysulfide conversion was investigated.
  • The performance of Li-S batteries with modified separators was evaluated under high sulfur loading conditions.

Main Results:

  • The SAC-coated separator effectively catalyzed polysulfide conversion, reducing the voltage gap and improving cycle stability.
  • Iron SACs (Fe SACs) demonstrated superior performance compared to Cobalt and Nickel SACs.
  • Even with minimal metal loading (∼2 μg), the Fe SAC-modified separator achieved high capacity (891.6 mAh g⁻¹) and excellent retention (83.7% after 750 cycles at 0.5C).

Conclusions:

  • Graphene foam-supported SACs, particularly Fe SACs, are effective in suppressing polysulfide shuttling in Li-S batteries.
  • This approach significantly enhances cycling stability and round-trip efficiency without causing detrimental side effects.
  • The study expands the application of SACs for advanced battery technologies, offering a pathway to improved energy storage solutions.