In situ detection of a cooperative target's longitudinal and angular speed using structured light

Laser remote sensing represents a powerful tool that enables the accurate measurement of the speed of moving targets. Crucially, most sensing techniques are two-dimensional (2D) and only enable direct determination of the speed along the line of sight. Here we put forward a novel three-dimensional technique that enables the direct and simultaneous measurement of both the longitudinal and angular speed of cooperative targets. This technique is based on the use of complex vector light beams, whose polarization and spatial degree of freedom are coupled in a non-separable way. We present evidence of our technique by performing a proof-of-principle experiment.