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Related Concept Videos

Termination of Translation01:44

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Downgrading disease transmission risk estimates using terminal importations.

Spencer J Fox1, Steven E Bellan2,3, T Alex Perkins4

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New methods combining ecological data with disease tracking improve arbovirus risk assessment. This approach significantly lowers Zika virus epidemic potential estimates in Texas counties, aligning with observed case numbers.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Vector-borne diseases
  • Mathematical modeling

Background:

  • Emerging arboviruses like dengue, chikungunya, and Zika pose global health threats.
  • Existing risk assessment methods (ecological suitability, epidemiological data) have limitations in accuracy and generalizability.
  • Accurate, localized risk assessment is crucial for public health preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel method for improving arbovirus risk estimates by integrating ecological and epidemiological data.
  • To refine a priori ecological risk estimates using real-time disease importation and transmission data.
  • To assess the spatiotemporal risk of Zika virus transmission in Texas.

Main Methods:

  • Combined vector habitat suitability maps with disease importation and transmission data.
  • Developed a modeling framework to integrate ecological and epidemiological variables.
  • Applied the method to estimate Zika virus transmission risk across all 254 counties in Texas.

Main Results:

  • The integrated method yielded risk estimates 80% lower on average than purely ecological estimates.
  • Only six Texas counties were identified as capable of sustaining a Zika virus epidemic.
  • The refined estimates were consistent with the number of autochthonous Zika cases reported in 2017.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating ecological and epidemiological data significantly enhances the accuracy and precision of arbovirus risk assessments.
  • The developed framework provides a robust method for comparing models and improving mechanistic understanding of arbovirus transmission.
  • Real-time updating of risk estimates offers critical early insights for managing emerging infectious diseases.