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Related Concept Videos

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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy from Single Molecules for Characterizing Local Flexibility in Biomolecules
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Multispectral Depth-Resolved Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy Using SPAD Array Detectors and Fiber Probes.

João L Lagarto1,2, Caterina Credi3,4, Federica Villa5

  • 1National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. lagarto@lens.unifi.it.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method using Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays and fiber optics for fast, simultaneous fluorescence measurements. This technique can analyze spectral, temporal, and depth information for biomedical research and potential clinical applications.

Keywords:
CMOSSPADdepth-resolved fluorescencefiber opticsfluorescence lifetimefluorescence spectroscopytissue diagnosis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Fluorescence Spectroscopy
  • Photon Detection Technology

Background:

  • Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays show promise in biochemical and biomedical research for imaging and spectroscopy.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in simultaneously resolving multiple fluorescence parameters like time, spectrum, and depth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel optical system for fast, simultaneous single-point time-, spectral-, and depth-resolved fluorescence measurements.
  • To explore the application of SPAD arrays with fiber-optic probes for multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized SPAD arrays with a fiber-optic delivery and collection system.
  • Encoded spectral information using grating-based dispersion across SPAD array columns.
  • Encoded depth information using a linear arrangement of collecting fibers across SPAD array rows.
  • Excitation at 375 nm.

Main Results:

  • Successfully characterized and validated the system using fluorescent agarose phantoms.
  • Demonstrated the system's ability to measure fluorescence signatures in formalin-fixed rabbit aorta samples from an atherosclerosis model.
  • Confirmed that the detection configuration can differentiate fluorescence spectral and lifetime contrasts from varying depths within specimens.

Conclusions:

  • The developed optical scheme, integrating SPAD array detectors and fiber-optic probes, enables powerful and versatile multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.
  • This approach is suitable for clinical applications requiring information from deeper tissue layers for diagnosis.
  • The system offers a promising tool for advanced biomedical research and diagnostics.