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Personal identity is the deeply felt sense of self that individuals cultivate over time, intricately woven from intrinsic qualities they consider essential to their existence—qualities such as morality, intelligence, and friendliness. These attributes serve as vital internal benchmarks, guiding individuals in evaluating whether their actions resonate with their true selves.When personal identity takes center stage in one's life, individuals often emphasize their distinctiveness,...
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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
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Sepsis: personalization v protocolization?

Mervyn Singer1

  • 1Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK. m.singer@ucl.ac.uk.

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|June 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individualized treatment is crucial for septic patients due to biological heterogeneity. Tailoring therapies and clinical trials to patient needs, aided by diagnostics, improves outcomes.

Keywords:
BiomarkersDiagnosticsEvidence-based medicineOutcomesPersonalizationProtocolizationSepsisTheranostics

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Translational Medicine
  • Clinical Trial Design

Background:

  • Evidence-based medicine emphasizes integrating evidence with clinical expertise.
  • Rigid protocols in sepsis management fail to address patient heterogeneity.
  • Past clinical trials in sepsis have yielded disappointing results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for personalized therapeutic strategies in sepsis.
  • To highlight the need for improved clinical trial methodologies in sepsis research.
  • To emphasize the role of diagnostics in optimizing sepsis treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence-based medicine principles and clinical trial failures in sepsis.
  • Discussion of patient heterogeneity in sepsis pathophysiology and host response.
  • Exploration of advancements in point-of-care diagnostics and theranostics.

Main Results:

  • Inflexible management approaches lack proven outcome benefits and can be detrimental.
  • Heterogeneity in septic patients' biological phenotypes leads to varied host responses.
  • Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches may not adequately account for this variability.

Conclusions:

  • Therapy for sepsis must be individualized to meet unique patient needs.
  • Clinical trial designs need to incorporate patient heterogeneity for success.
  • Rapid diagnostics and theranostics offer potential for better patient selection and treatment optimization.