Interferon-λ orchestrates innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Virology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Type III interferons (IFN-λ) were initially considered similar to type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β).
• Emerging evidence reveals distinct, non-redundant roles for IFN-λ in mucosal immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent findings on the multifaceted roles of IFN-λ in innate and adaptive immunity.
• To highlight the unique signaling pathways and cellular targets of IFN-λ.

Main Methods:

• Review of current scientific literature and research findings.
• Analysis of experimental data on IFN-λ's effects on various pathogens and immune cells.

Main Results:

• IFN-λ effectively inhibits virus dissemination and transmission at mucosal surfaces.
• IFN-λ demonstrates antifungal activity, notably preventing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by acting on neutrophils.
• IFN-λ signaling pathways differ from type I interferons, especially in neutrophils.
• IFN-λ significantly enhances adaptive immune responses in the respiratory mucosa.

Conclusions:

• IFN-λ plays a critical, non-redundant role in host defense at mucosal barriers.
• IFN-λ represents a promising therapeutic target for infectious diseases affecting mucosal surfaces.