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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Grasping three-dimensional (3D) objects involves grip aperture adjustments tuned to object size before contact.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) object grasping, however, is susceptible to perceptual effects like relative size and contextual information.
  • Studies on Garner interference show 3D grasping lacks this effect, while 2D grasping exhibits it.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the literature on aperture shaping during 2D object grasping.
  • To highlight the methodological issues in a recent study (Löhr-Limpens et al., 2019) that overgeneralized findings from 2D grasping to 3D.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering stimulus dimensionality in perception-action research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on visual perception and motor control for grasping.
  • Analysis of studies involving Garner interference in 2D and 3D object grasping tasks.
  • Methodological critique of research drawing broad conclusions from 2D grasping paradigms.

Main Results:

  • 3D object grasping is dimensionally specific, unaffected by irrelevant perceptual information.
  • 2D object grasping is influenced by holistic shape processing, as evidenced by Garner interference.
  • The findings of Löhr-Limpens et al. (2019) replicated previous 2D grasping results but were inappropriately generalized.

Conclusions:

  • A clear dissociation exists between the visual control of 2D and 3D object grasping.
  • Researchers must carefully consider the dimensionality of stimuli when interpreting findings related to perception and action.
  • Overgeneralizing conclusions from 2D grasping studies to 3D grasping and perception is unwarranted.