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In search of a primitive signaling code.

Nadir M Maraldi1

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.

Bio Systems
|June 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Early life likely emerged from self-assembling lipid molecules and ribozymes, paving the way for cellular complexity through coevolution of RNA and lipid worlds. This process involved the development of genetic and signal transduction codes for enhanced cellular function.

Keywords:
Lipid worldNuclear signal transductionPhosphoinositidesProtocellsRNA worldRibozymesSignal transduction code

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Area of Science:

  • Origin of Life studies
  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Prebiotic chemical systems (protocells) required self-assembly, compartmentalization, and information processing.
  • Lipid molecules on early Earth could spontaneously form aggregates, and ribozymes (RNA enzymes) are plausible early catalysts.
  • Compartmentalization via lipid aggregates may have aided ribozyme evolution and RNA polymerization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the coevolution of the RNA world and the Lipid world in the transition from prebiotic aggregates to cellular life.
  • To investigate the role of phospholipid aggregates in ribozyme stability, compartmentalization, and the evolution of signal transduction.
  • To present evidence for evolutionary traces of a phosphoinositide signaling system in extant cells.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of prebiotic chemical systems and early cellular evolution.
  • Analysis of the properties of lipid self-assembly and ribozyme function in early Earth conditions.
  • Examination of extant cellular signaling systems, specifically phosphoinositide signaling, for evolutionary insights.

Main Results:

  • The transition to cellular life likely involved coevolution of RNA (for protein synthesis) and lipids (forming vesicles).
  • Phospholipid aggregates played roles in stabilizing ribozymes and facilitating the evolution of signal transduction pathways.
  • Evidence suggests a conserved phosphoinositide signaling system in modern cells, hinting at ancient origins.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of RNA and Lipid worlds was crucial for the emergence of cellular life and natural selection.
  • Signal transduction systems, possibly originating from phospholipid and RNA signaling, guided metabolic evolution before proteins.
  • The study proposes a model where amphiphiles, ribozymes, and early signaling molecules coevolved to form the basis of extant cellular life.