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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Identification of Orexin and Endocannabinoid Receptors in Adult Zebrafish Using Immunoperoxidase and Immunofluorescence Methods
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The Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Cannabidiol (CBD).

Jamie Corroon, Jake F Felice

    Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
    |June 16, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a widespread signaling network crucial for health. Modulating the ECS with compounds like Cannabidiol (CBD) shows therapeutic potential for numerous diseases.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neuroscience
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an endogenous signaling network found across animal species.
    • Its components and functions are continually being discovered, highlighting its broad physiological relevance.
    • The ECS is influenced by lifestyle factors (diet, sleep, exercise, stress) and external compounds like phytocannabinoids (e.g., CBD).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the multifaceted role of the ECS in human health and disease.
    • To explore the therapeutic potential of modulating the ECS for various medical conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of current research on the endocannabinoid system.
    • Analysis of the impact of lifestyle and phytocannabinoids on ECS activity.

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  • Synthesis of evidence regarding ECS modulation for therapeutic applications.

    • Main Results:

    • The ECS is a complex system with implications for numerous physiological processes.
    • Diet, sleep, exercise, stress, and phytocannabinoids like CBD can modulate ECS activity.
    • Emerging evidence suggests the ECS is involved in a wide array of diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • The endocannabinoid system presents a promising target for therapeutic interventions.
    • Modulating the ECS may offer novel treatment strategies for conditions including neurological disorders, pain, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.