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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Dialysis01:27

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
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Measurement: Standard Units03:38

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Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
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Measurement: Derived Units03:02

Measurement: Derived Units

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The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, amount of substance, and luminosity. These are called the SI base units.
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Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure01:30

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Laparoscopic Anatomic S7+S8d Resection Preserving Inferior Right Hepatic Vein and S6 with Right Hepatic Vein Transection
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Preventing Hepatitis B in the Dialysis Unit.

Vivek Soi1, Sandeep Soman1

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
|June 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Patients undergoing dialysis are susceptible to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Surveillance, vaccination strategies, and electronic health record alerts are crucial for preventing HBV spread in this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
Dialysis unitHepatitis B virusPrevention

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients face high hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection risk due to blood product exposure and weakened immunity.
  • Despite declining incidence, vigilant surveillance remains critical for controlling HBV, a resilient DNA virus.
  • Maintaining safe dialysis environments necessitates regular monitoring of serologic markers and appropriate isolation/decontamination protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, prevention, and vaccination strategies for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.
  • To discuss the identification of serologic markers for HBV infection and immunity.
  • To describe the implementation of an electronic medical record (EMR) alert system for HBV markers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HBV epidemiology, prevention, and vaccination in ESRD.
  • Analysis of serologic markers for HBV infection and immunity.
  • Description of an integrated EMR alert system for HBV surveillance.

Main Results:

  • Vaccination response rates in hemodialysis patients are often suboptimal due to immune system alterations.
  • Modified vaccine schedules can improve vaccine response rates in hemodialysis patients.
  • Screening on entry to dialysis units, post-hospitalization, and periodic screening are essential.

Conclusions:

  • Proactive HBV screening, appropriate vaccination strategies, and robust surveillance are vital for ESRD patients.
  • An EMR alert system can enhance the identification and management of HBV infection and immunity markers.
  • Continued vigilance and tailored interventions are necessary to prevent HBV transmission in dialysis settings.