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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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The Nursing Code of Ethics sets the ethical benchmark for the profession, and guides nurses in ethical analysis and decision making at the societal, organizational, and clinical levels. The code encompasses showing compassion and respect for the patient, their families, and communities in all circumstances while committing to providing patient-centered care. In addition, the code states that nurses must advocate for the patient by defending a cause or recommendation to protect their rights,...
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Reconstruct Human Retinoblastoma In Vitro
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Long non-coding RNAs in retinoblastoma.

Ming Yang1, Wenbin Wei1

  • 1Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|June 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in retinoblastoma, influencing its aggressive nature. This review explores their roles in cancer progression and potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Retinoblastoma is a common childhood cancer with aggressive metastatic potential.
  • While genetic factors are studied, the role of regulatory non-coding RNAs in retinoblastoma remains largely unexplored.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression involved in various cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional roles of lncRNAs in retinoblastoma development and progression.
  • To explore the dual role of specific lncRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in retinoblastoma.
  • To discuss the potential clinical applications of lncRNAs in retinoblastoma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating lncRNAs in retinoblastoma.
Keywords:
PrognosisRetinoblastomaTherapylncRNA

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  • Analysis of identified lncRNAs promoting or suppressing retinoblastoma progression.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on lncRNA mechanisms in retinoblastoma.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple lncRNAs (e.g., BANCR, HOTAIR) promote retinoblastoma progression and metastasis.
    • Other lncRNAs (e.g., MEG3, H19) exhibit tumor-suppressive functions in retinoblastoma.
    • lncRNAs regulate key cellular processes including proliferation, migration, and invasion in retinoblastoma cells.

    Conclusions:

    • lncRNAs play significant, multifaceted roles in retinoblastoma.
    • lncRNAs represent promising biomarkers for retinoblastoma diagnosis and prognosis.
    • Targeting lncRNAs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for retinoblastoma treatment.