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[Retinal manifestations of neuro-malaria or "malarial retinopathy" in Yaoundé]

G Koki1, W Ngoulou1, A F Nomo1

  • 1Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun.

Journal Francais D'Ophtalmologie
|June 17, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Retinal lesions are common and severe in children with neuro-malaria, particularly those under five. Early detection through fundus examination is crucial for better prognosis and management of this serious pediatric condition.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Neuro-malaria is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children.
  • Diagnostic and prognostic challenges persist in managing pediatric neuro-malaria.
  • Retinal manifestations are indicative of cerebral involvement and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve diagnostic and prognostic approaches for children with neuro-malaria.
  • To evaluate the frequency and characteristics of retinal lesions in pediatric neuro-malaria.
  • To correlate retinal findings with clinical parameters for better patient management.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, analytical study was conducted in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
  • 178 children hospitalized for neuro-malaria (3 months to 15 years) underwent fundus examinations.
  • Statistical analysis used R software with Chi², Fisher's exact, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (P<5%).

Main Results:

  • 44 children (24.71%) had neuro-malaria, with 26 (59.09%) exhibiting retinal lesions.
  • Retinal hemorrhages (54.54%) and retinal whitening (18.18%) were most common, particularly in children under five (70.45%).
  • Lesions correlated with age, coma depth, and clinical course; parasitemia did not influence occurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal lesions are frequent and serious in pediatric neuro-malaria, especially in the under-five age group.
  • Systematic fundus examination is essential for prognostic evaluation and timely management.
  • These findings underscore the importance of ophthalmological assessment in neuro-malaria cases for improved outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildEnfantLésions rétiniennesNeuro-malariaNeuro-paludismePrognosisPronosticRetinal lesions

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