New imaging systems in diabetic retinopathy
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy
Published on: December 30, 2025
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli1, Michele Cavalleri1, Maria Brambati1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
Abstract:
Various imaging modalities are of significant utility in the screening, grading, treatment, and follow-up of the different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema. Color stereographic photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been the gold standard for DR imaging for years. Besides these tools, newer technologies are gaining validation and popularity, such as fundus autofluorescence and OCT angiography. Furthermore, widefield retinography and ultra-widefield retinography have been introduced for a more comprehensive evaluation of the medium-far and very-far retinal peripheries, which is crucial for the assessment of the diverse manifestations of the disease. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advancements of the imaging systems for diagnosing DR, with a focus on the newest and noninvasive diagnostic tools.
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