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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Published on: May 16, 2025
Mimickers of neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus
Jaqueline Cristina de Amorim1, Aline Kuhl Torricelli2, Renan Bazuco Frittoli3
1Graduate Program of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Brazil; Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Brazil.
Abstract:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), presenting with new onset or worsening neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms, is a challenge in clinical practice. Mimickers such as infections, drug-induced side effects, metabolic abnormalities, malignancies, and alcohol-related disorders have to be excluded, before attributing the manifestations to disease activity. Proper diagnosis is essential to guide adequate management and reduce morbidity and mortality. In this review article, we will highlight clinical, laboratorial, and neuroradiological features that are helpful to assist in the differential diagnosis.
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Clinical Manifestations:

