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CaSR as a Therapeutic Target and Tool in Human Dental Pulp: A Concise Review and Novel Hypothesis

Shaofeng An, Yan Gao, Yanhuo Chen

    Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry
    |June 18, 2019
    PubMed
    Abstract

    Insights

    Elevated calcium ions (Ca2+) can promote human dental pulp cell (hDPC) differentiation and mineralization via the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). This suggests calcimimetics and calcium-based materials could improve pulp capping success.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Cell Biology
    • Regenerative Dentistry

    Background:

    • The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is crucial for calcium homeostasis.
    • Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) possess osteogenic potential.
    • Pulp capping materials release calcium ions (Ca2+).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of CaSR in hDPC differentiation and mineralization.
    • To explore if elevated extracellular Ca2+ influences hDPCs via CaSR signaling.
    • To review CaSR characteristics and its potential in dental pulp repair.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature search of scientific databases.
    • Analysis of existing research on CaSR and hDPCs.
    • Review of calcium-based pulp capping materials and calcimimetics.

    Main Results:

    • Elevated extracellular Ca2+ promotes odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of hDPCs.
    • CaSR is expressed in osteoblast-like cells and potentially in hDPCs.
    • Ca2+ acts as the primary ligand for CaSR.

    Conclusions:

    • hDPCs may express CaSR and respond to extracellular Ca2+.
    • Calcimimetics and calcium-based materials could enhance Ca2+ influx via CaSR.
    • This mechanism may improve direct pulp capping treatment outcomes.
    Keywords:
    calcimimeticscalcium sensing receptorhuman dental pulp cellsosteogenic differentiation

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