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Learning disability documentation submitted by osteopathic medical students.

Allyson G Harrison1, Benjamin J Lovett2, Shelby Keiser3

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Applied Neuropsychology. Adult
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most applicants seeking learning disability (LD) accommodations for medical licensing exams did not meet diagnostic criteria or show substantial impairment. Few differences existed in scores between those requesting 50% or 100% extra time.

Keywords:
Academic accommodationsassessment/diagnosiscognitive/learningprofessional trainingvalidity testing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Medical Education
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Increasing requests for disability accommodations on high-stakes professional licensing exams.
  • Neuropsychological reports are frequently used as documentation for these accommodation requests.
  • Learning disability (LD) is a common basis for such requests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity of learning disability (LD) diagnoses in applicants seeking accommodations for osteopathic physician licensing exams.
  • To assess the academic functioning and impairment levels of these applicants.
  • To examine the criteria used in neuropsychological evaluations for LD in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 103 accommodation requests submitted to the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) between 2013 and 2016.
  • Analysis of neuropsychological evaluation reports to determine if applicants met recognized criteria for LD.
  • Comparison of academic functioning using grade-based and age-based measures.
  • Examination of differences in scores between applicants requesting 50% versus 100% extra time.

Main Results:

  • 84-97% of applicants failed to meet recognized criteria for an LD diagnosis.
  • The majority of applicants demonstrated average or better academic functioning.
  • No significant differences were found in academic achievement or fluency scores between those requesting 50% and 100% extra time.
  • Many evaluations used grade-based measures, even when age-based comparisons showed unimpaired functioning.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of applicants seeking LD accommodations for medical licensing exams may not meet criteria for a substantial impairment requiring accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act.
  • Current evaluation practices may not consistently differentiate between actual LD and average or above-average functioning.
  • Recommendations are provided for improving evaluation practices and future research in this area.