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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleus01:32

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus
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Ratbot navigation using deep brain stimulation in ventral posteromedial nucleus.

Sina Khajei1, Vahid Shalchyan1, Mohammad Reza Daliri1

  • 1a Neuroscience & Neuroengineering Research Lab., Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering , Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) , Tehran , Iran.

Bioengineered
|June 18, 2019
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Summary

Researchers developed a rat navigation system using Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (VPM) and food restriction. Two trained "ratbots" achieved high navigation accuracy in a maze, demonstrating potential for dangerous missions.

Keywords:
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)RatbotVentral Posteromedial Nucleus (VPM)constant currentnavigationrat-robot

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Robotics
  • Bio-integrated Systems

Background:

  • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a versatile method with established medical applications.
  • Non-medical applications of DBS include utilizing animals as sensors, actuators, and for navigation systems.
  • The Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (VPM) in rats has been identified as a key area for controlling head rotation in navigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a complete navigation system for rats by combining Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (VPM) stimulation with behavioral training.
  • To assess the feasibility of creating 'ratbots' for navigational tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) was applied to the VPM in rats.
  • Rats were trained using water/food restriction to encourage forward movement.
  • Two rats exhibiting bilateral VPM stimulation response were trained in a T-shaped maze to evaluate navigation performance.

Main Results:

  • Five rats responded to VPM stimulation; two showed bilateral, proportionate rotation.
  • These two rats, trained as 'ratbots', achieved navigation accuracies of 96% and 86% in a T-maze over three sessions.
  • The results indicate successful control of rat navigation through combined VPM stimulation and training.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully established a rat navigation system using VPM stimulation and behavioral conditioning.
  • The developed 'ratbots' demonstrate high navigational accuracy, proving their suitability for missions.
  • These findings open possibilities for using animal-robot systems in hazardous or inaccessible environments for humans.