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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Machines01:19

Machines

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Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
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Machines: Problem Solving II01:30

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Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. Consider a lifting tong carrying a 100 kg load. It comprises movable sections DAF and CBG linked together with member AB.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for the Preservation of Kidney Grafts prior to Transplantation
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Machine perfusion in kidney transplantation.

Ashish Kataria1, Sandeep Magoon2, Binni Makkar3

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|June 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Machine perfusion, including hypothermic (HMP) and normothermic (NMP) methods, offers a promising alternative to static cold storage for kidney transplantation. HMP reduces delayed graft function, while NMP may help utilize marginal kidneys.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation Surgery
  • Organ Preservation

Background:

  • Kidney transplantation faces a significant shortage of donor organs, necessitating efficient utilization of available cadaveric kidneys.
  • Machine perfusion techniques have gained prominence over traditional static cold storage (SCS) in recent years.
  • Marginal kidneys, often discarded, present an opportunity for transplantation if preservation methods can mitigate risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of machine perfusion in optimizing the use of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation.
  • To evaluate the impact of machine perfusion on delayed graft function (DGF) and overall graft survival.
  • To explore the potential of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) in improving outcomes for marginal kidneys.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature comparing hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) and static cold storage (SCS).
  • Analysis of studies investigating the efficacy of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) for kidney preservation.
  • Assessment of machine perfusion's capabilities for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions during organ preservation.

Main Results:

  • Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) has demonstrated a reduction in delayed graft function (DGF) compared to static cold storage (SCS).
  • HMP shows a trend towards improved overall graft survival, though long-term renal and patient outcomes require further investigation.
  • Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) shows potential in resuscitating discarded kidneys, with limited but promising pilot study data.

Conclusions:

  • Machine perfusion, particularly HMP, is effective in reducing DGF and may improve graft survival in kidney transplantation.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the long-term benefits of HMP and to establish the role of NMP in clinical practice.
  • Machine perfusion offers a platform for interventions to assess and enhance kidney viability prior to transplantation.