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Viral Bacterial Interactions in Children: Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Alejandro Diaz-Diaz1,2, Cristina Garcia-Maurino2, Alejandro Jordan-Villegas3

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital-The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|June 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory illness in young children. The upper respiratory tract microbiome may influence RSV disease severity, impacting how children respond to infection.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Respiratory viral infections, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are a major cause of illness and death in children globally.
  • While certain groups are at higher risk, most children hospitalized for RSV are otherwise healthy.
  • The precise mechanisms behind the varied clinical presentations of RSV disease remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the relationship between the respiratory microbiome and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease severity.
  • To explore the epidemiologic links and mechanisms of viral-bacterial interactions in RSV infection.
  • To understand how the upper respiratory tract microbiome influences the pathogenesis and clinical outcomes of RSV in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
  • Analysis of research on viral-bacterial interactions.
  • Examination of the association between the upper respiratory tract microbiome and disease severity.

Main Results:

  • The complex interplay between the respiratory microbiome, host immunity, and RSV is increasingly recognized as a factor in disease severity.
  • Evidence suggests a link between specific microbial profiles and the clinical outcomes of RSV infection.
  • Mechanisms of viral-bacterial interactions are being investigated for their role in RSV pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The upper respiratory tract microbiome is a potential modulator of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease severity in children.
  • Further research into the microbiome's role could reveal new therapeutic targets for preventing severe RSV outcomes.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for explaining the variability in clinical presentations of RSV infection.

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