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Will Infant Hepatitis B Immunization Protect Adults?

David W Scheifele1

  • 1From the Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|June 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Infant hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination significantly lowers chronic infections in children. Booster shots are not currently recommended for teens or young adults, despite waning antibody levels.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization programs are reducing childhood chronic infections.
  • Key goals include increasing birth dose coverage and preventing perinatal HBV transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of infant HBV immunization.
  • To determine the need for booster vaccinations in adolescents and young adults.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of follow-up studies on individuals immunized in infancy.
  • Assessment of antibody levels and response to challenge vaccination in teenage years.

Main Results:

  • Most immunized infants lose circulating anti-HBs antibodies by adolescence.
  • Some individuals show a reduced response to booster HBV vaccination.
  • Breakthrough HBV infections are rare and rarely lead to chronic infection.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support routine booster immunizations for healthy adolescents or young adults.
  • Longer-term studies into adulthood are necessary to fully assess protection duration.

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