Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

21.2K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
21.2K
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

70.9K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
70.9K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

7.6K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
7.6K
Drug-Receptor Interactions01:29

Drug-Receptor Interactions

7.4K
Drug-receptor interaction describes the binding of receptors by drugs, but not all drug-receptor interactions result in activation and tissue response. For instance, the binding of agonists activates the receptor to generate a cellular reaction, while antagonists bind to receptors without causing their activation.
Several parameters, such as the drug's affinity for its receptor and its efficacy, which is its ability to activate the receptor, determine the drug's effect on the tissue....
7.4K
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

1.1K
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
1.1K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

7.2K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A cross-sectional analysis of male versus female flourishing among 202,898 participants across 22 countries on 73 variables in the global flourishing study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Spirituality and Harmful or Hazardous Alcohol and Other Drug Use: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.

JAMA psychiatry·2026
Same author

Love of neighbor assessment: validity, reliability, and a template for measurement.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Childhood experiences and adult self-rated physical health in 22 countries.

BMC global and public health·2026
Same author

Mental illness, mental health, and mental well-being.

Npj mental health research·2026
Same author

Adolescence in social context: Longitudinal associations of 15 social factors with health and well-being.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
10:58

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

10.0K

The Interaction Continuum.

Tyler J VanderWeele1

  • 1From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
|June 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Interaction effects depend on the scale used. This study introduces an "interaction continuum" to classify relative effect sizes across subgroups, aiding in understanding scale-dependent interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Assessing interaction is crucial for determining if effects differ across subgroups.
  • The magnitude of interaction effects is known to be scale-dependent (e.g., difference vs. ratio scales).
  • Existing methods may not adequately capture the nuances of relative effect sizes across different scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define an "interaction continuum" for characterizing the nature of interactions across subgroups.
  • To demonstrate how the relative magnitude of effects is dependent on outcome probabilities and chosen scales.
  • To provide a framework for understanding scale-dependent interaction and relative effect sizes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical framework defining an "interaction continuum" based on outcome probabilities.

More Related Videos

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction
08:39

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

Published on: February 2, 2015

17.9K
Identifying Protein-protein Interaction Sites Using Peptide Arrays
07:44

Identifying Protein-protein Interaction Sites Using Peptide Arrays

Published on: November 18, 2014

18.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
10:58

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

10.0K
Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction
08:39

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

Published on: February 2, 2015

17.9K
Identifying Protein-protein Interaction Sites Using Peptide Arrays
07:44

Identifying Protein-protein Interaction Sites Using Peptide Arrays

Published on: November 18, 2014

18.5K
  • Analyzed the relationship between main effects, outcome probabilities, and different forms of interaction (additive, multiplicative).
  • Illustrated the continuum with examples for both causative and protective exposures.

    • Main Results:

    • The "interaction continuum" classifies interactions into eleven distinct states, ranging from positive-multiplicative positive-additive to inverted interaction.
    • Placement on the continuum depends on the probability of the outcome in the doubly exposed group when main effects are positive.
    • The framework accommodates scenarios with protective exposures and mixed causative/protective exposures.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed "interaction continuum" offers a robust method for evaluating relative effect sizes across subgroups.
    • This framework acknowledges and addresses the inherent scale dependence of interaction assessment.
    • It provides a unified approach to understanding diverse interaction patterns in epidemiological and clinical research.