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Validating Test Score Interpretations Using Time Information.

Lena Engelhardt¹, Frank Goldhammer^1,2

¹DIPF - Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology

|June 18, 2019

Summary

This study introduces a new approach to test score validity using processing times. It found that specific cognitive skills, like word activation for reading, accurately predict performance speed and ability, supporting the method.

Keywords:

component skills processing times speed time on task effect validity evidence based on response processes

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Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Psychometrics
Cognitive Psychology
Educational Measurement

Background:

Traditional validity approaches often rely on correlations between test scores.
Processing times offer a more direct measure of cognitive processes underlying task performance.
Integrating processing times can enhance the construct interpretation of test scores.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and validate a novel approach for collecting construct validity evidence using processing times.
To demonstrate how processing times can differentiate between relevant and irrelevant cognitive skills for a given construct.
To apply this approach to assess reading competence and quantitative reasoning.

Main Methods:

Developed a validity framework where component skills moderate the relationship between speed and ability.
Collected convergent validity evidence when a relevant skill moderated the speed-ability relationship.
Collected discriminant validity evidence when an irrelevant skill did not moderate the speed-ability relationship.
Utilized data from the German PIAAC sample, assessing reading competence and quantitative reasoning.

Main Results:

Word meaning activation skill positively moderated the speed-ability relationship for reading competence.
Perceptual speed skill positively moderated the speed-ability relationship for quantitative reasoning.
The expected non-moderating effects were observed for irrelevant skills, confirming discriminant validity.
The proposed approach demonstrated suitability for construct validation.

Conclusions:

Processing times provide valuable validity evidence, offering insights into cognitive processes.
This method enhances construct validation by linking test scores to actual response behaviors.
The findings support the use of time-based measures in psychometric assessment.