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Interleukin-35 as an Emerging Player in Tumor Microenvironment
Wenhua Xue1,2, Dan Yan1,2, Quancheng Kan1,2
1Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Journal of Cancer
|June 18, 2019
Summary
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a dimeric protein that suppresses the immune system, potentially hindering anti-cancer responses. This review analyzes IL-35
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a recently identified member of the IL-12 cytokine family.
- IL-35 is a dimeric protein composed of two distinct subunits.
- It exhibits potent immunosuppressive functions, including promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppressive Th17 cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze the scientific literature on the role of IL-35 in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
- To elucidate the complex functions and signaling pathways of IL-35 in cancer.
- To assess the therapeutic potential and challenges of targeting IL-35 in cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of studies investigating IL-35 in cancer.
- Analysis of data on IL-35's impact on immune cell populations within the TME.
- Evaluation of findings from preclinical anti-IL-35 therapy models.
Main Results:
- IL-35's immunosuppressive activities are counterproductive in cancer immunity.
- Evidence suggests IL-35 promotes immune evasion by fostering regulatory T cells (iTr35, Tregs, Th17).
- Therapeutic strategies targeting IL-35 have shown limited success in animal models, with some studies questioning its role in cancer.
Conclusions:
- The precise role and signaling of IL-35 in the TME remain incompletely understood.
- Despite its immunosuppressive nature, the overall impact of IL-35 on cancer progression is complex and debated.
- Further research is needed to clarify IL-35's functions and to develop effective anti-cancer immunotherapies.
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