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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

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In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
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Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

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Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
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Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

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This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
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It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
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Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

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[Alcoholic hepatitis].

O Warling1, A F Oger1, A Lamproye1

  • 1Service de Gastroentérologie-Hépatologie, CHU Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|June 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcoholic hepatitis management involves alcohol withdrawal and, for severe cases, corticosteroids guided by the Lille score. Treatment success hinges on abstinence and adequate caloric intake.

Keywords:
AlcoholAlcoholic hepatitisCirrhosisGlucocorticoids

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe liver disease linked to heavy alcohol consumption.
  • Jaundice onset in patients with heavy alcohol intake defines this condition.
  • Management requires addressing alcohol withdrawal and potential infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the management of alcoholic hepatitis.
  • To detail treatment protocols for severe cases.
  • To discuss prognostic indicators and survival rates.

Main Methods:

  • Alcohol withdrawal is the primary management strategy.
  • Corticosteroids are considered for severe alcoholic hepatitis (Maddrey score > 32) if infections are managed.
  • The Lille score (calculated after 7 days) guides corticosteroid continuation.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol withdrawal yields a 90% 30-day survival rate.
  • Favorable Lille score (≤0.45) after 7 days of corticosteroids leads to 80-90% survival.
  • Unfavorable Lille score (>0.45) indicates poor prognosis with 25-30% 6-month survival.

Conclusions:

  • Effective alcoholic hepatitis management depends on alcohol abstinence and adequate caloric intake.
  • Liver transplantation may be an option in select cases.
  • Ongoing research aims to develop innovative drugs to improve patient outcomes.