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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Published on: June 29, 2013
The Fetal 3-Vessel Views: An Illustrative Case-Based Tutorial
Tracy Anton1,2, Mark S Sklansky3, Mishella Perez1
1University of California, San Diego, Maternal-Fetal Care and Genetics, La Jolla, California, USA.
Abstract:
In 2018, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine revised its obstetric Practice Parameter for the second-trimester fetal anatomic survey. The 2018 Practice Parameter recommends incorporation of the 3-vessel view and 3-vessel and trachea view "if technically feasible." Sonographers and other medical providers may require additional training and education to develop greater proficiency in obtaining and interpreting these views. This pictorial essay, including ultrasound images alongside their respective schematic diagrams, provides an up-to-date, practical, and clinically oriented review of the 3-vessel view and 3-vessel and trachea view and their most common presentations in the context of congenital heart disease.
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