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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
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Characterizing Risks Associated With Mitral Annular Calcification in Mitral Valve Replacement.

Tsuyoshi Kaneko1, Sameer Hirji1, Edward Percy1

  • 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|June 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) increases operative mortality and adverse outcomes in mitral valve replacement (MVR) patients. Low-volume centers also show higher MVR mortality, highlighting the need for specialized care.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Mitral annular calcification (MAC) complicates mitral valve (MV) procedures.
  • Assessing the impact of MAC on mitral valve replacement (MVR) outcomes is crucial for surgical planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the risks associated with MAC in patients undergoing MVR.
  • To determine the influence of hospital MVR procedural volume on operative mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 52,816 MVR procedures from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (2011-2017).
  • Comparison of operative mortality and complications between MAC and non-MAC patients.
  • Assessment of hospital MV procedure volume's impact on adjusted operative mortality.

Main Results:

  • MAC was present in 18.1% of MVR cases, associated with higher operative mortality (5.8% vs 4.4%).
  • MAC increased risks of acute kidney injury and reintubation; stroke and reoperation rates were similar.
  • Low-volume centers (<50 MV procedures/year) had higher operative mortality (OR, 1.21).

Conclusions:

  • MAC is an independent risk factor for increased operative mortality and adverse postoperative outcomes after MVR.
  • Hospital MV procedure volume significantly impacts MVR outcomes, with lower volumes linked to worse results.