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Applying biotechnology for drinking water biofiltration: advancing science and practice.

Mary Jo Kirisits1, Monica B Emelko2, Ameet J Pinto3

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Drinking water biofiltration is evolving towards customized microbial communities for enhanced contaminant removal and water quality. Advanced biotechnological tools will enable precise control over microbial functions in biofilters.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Water treatment technologies

Background:

  • Drinking water biofiltration has evolved from unintentional to deliberate processes.
  • Current methods focus on filter media, nutrient/metal supplementation, oxidant amendment, and bioaugmentation for water quality improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the revolutionary potential of customizing microbial communities in biofiltration for targeted functional outcomes.
  • To enhance contaminant removal, manage hydraulic challenges, and beneficially shape downstream microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Transitioning from foundational molecular techniques like amplicon sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  • Utilizing modern biotechnological tools such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics.

Main Results:

  • These advanced tools will generate extensive data on microbial community structure and function under diverse conditions.
  • This knowledge base will inform the selection of biofilter conditions to enrich and maintain desired microbial functions.

Conclusions:

  • Biofiltration is poised for a revolution driven by advanced 'omics' technologies.
  • Customizing microbial communities will enable precise control over biofilter performance for improved drinking water treatment.