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Updated: Jan 23, 2026
A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
Published on: February 28, 2013
Healing and Mortality Rates Following Toe Amputation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ian Mario Vassallo1, Alfred Gatt2, Kevin Cassar1,3
1Department of Health, Malta.
Background And Aim:
This single-centre study aimed to determine healing, re-ulceration, re-amputation and mortality rates at one year after toe amputations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Patients And Methods:
Eighty-one participants with T2DM admitted for toe amputation were included. Patient characteristics, peripheral circulation and neuropathy status were recorded. Subjects were then followed every 3 months post-amputation for a year.
Results:
Overall, 59.3% of participants underwent further surgery (n=31 to revise the original amputation site and n=17 to amputate a new site). During 12 months, 45.7% of participants presented with a new ulcer at a different site. Mortality was 7.4%. In 12.4% of participants, the amputation site remained incompletely healed. Only 20.9% had no complications in 12 months. At 12 months, 80.2% of study cohort had a completely healed amputation site.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this study highlighted high re-intervention, re-amputation and new ulceration rates. Strategies to improves these outcomes in such high-risk patients are warranted.
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