Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

3.6K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para...
3.6K
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

51.9K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
51.9K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

4.9K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
4.9K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

4.7K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
4.7K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.7K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Wearable Sports Vision Training May Improve Selected Visuomotor Outcomes and Hitting Precision in Collegiate Badminton Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Temperature-Dependent Residual Stress and Optical Properties of Asymmetric W-Doped VO<sub>2</sub>-Based Trilayer Thin Films.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Modeling the Influence of Large Particles on Optical Properties of Nuclear Cataracts: Insights from Enhanced LOCS III-Based Computational Analysis.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Thermal Analysis and Hybrid Compensation Design of a 10× Optical Zoom Periscope Lens for Smartphones.

Micromachines·2026
Same author

Design of an Afocal Telescope System Integrated with Digital Imaging for Enhanced Optical Performance.

Micromachines·2026
Same author

Low-Cost Optical-Inertial Point Cloud Acquisition and Sketch System.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

RETRACTED: Alshabanah et al. Elastic Nanofibrous Membranes for Medical and Personal Protection Applications: Manufacturing, Anti-COVID-19, and Anti-Colistin Resistant Bacteria Evaluation. <i>Polymers</i> 2021, <i>13</i>, 3987.

Polymers·2026
Same journal

Correction: Kang et al. Energy-Saving Electrospinning with a Concentric Teflon-Core Rod Spinneret to Create Medicated Nanofibers. <i>Polymers</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 2421.

Polymers·2026
Same journal

Influence of Self-Adhesive Resin Composite Deep Marginal Elevation on the Sealing Ability of CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic Inlays: An In Vitro Study.

Polymers·2026
Same journal

Modulating Exciton Dynamics Through Fluorescent Side Group Incorporation in Benzodithiophene-Benzotriazole-Isoindigo Terpolymers.

Polymers·2026
Same journal

PLA/PBSA Biocomposites Reinforced with Tangerine Tree-Derived Agro-Industrial Waste for Rigid Packaging: Effect of Extraction Treatment on Morphology and Thermo-Mechanical Performance.

Polymers·2026
Same journal

Synergistic Coatings Based on Chitosan and <i>Eugenia caryophyllata</i> Essential Oil to Improve Postharvest Quality of <i>Capsicum chinense</i>.

Polymers·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures
13:38

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Published on: April 11, 2017

10.0K

Electrically Controlled Diffraction Grating in Azo Dye-Doped Liquid Crystals.

Chuen-Lin Tien1,2, Rong-Ji Lin3,4, Chi-Chung Kang5

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan. cltien@fcu.edu.tw.

Polymers
|June 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an adjustable beam-splitter using azo dye-doped liquid crystals. This component utilizes electric fields to reorient molecules, creating diffraction with ~18% first-order efficiency using 0.5 wt% azo dye.

Keywords:
azo dyebeam spilttingbirefringencegrating-like electrodesnematic liquid crystals

More Related Videos

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

2.3K
High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2
11:32

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2

Published on: January 16, 2017

22.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures
13:38

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Published on: April 11, 2017

10.0K
On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

2.3K
High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2
11:32

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2

Published on: January 16, 2017

22.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Liquid Crystal Displays

Background:

  • Nematic liquid crystals exhibit dielectric anisotropy and optical birefringence.
  • Electric fields can reorient liquid crystal molecules, altering refractive index distribution.
  • Azo dye doping enhances the electro-optic response of liquid crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact, adjustable beam-splitting component.
  • To leverage the non-linear optical effects of azo dye-doped liquid crystals.
  • To investigate the relationship between material properties and diffraction performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a beam-splitting component using grating-like electrodes.
  • Application of electric fields to reorient azo dye-doped liquid crystal molecules.
  • Analysis of diffraction patterns generated by linearly polarized light.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a beam-splitting effect through electrically induced periodic refractive index changes.
  • Observed a first-order diffraction efficiency of approximately 18%.
  • Demonstrated the influence of refractive index difference, azo dye concentration, and rising constant on diffraction signals.

Conclusions:

  • A small, simple, and adjustable beam-splitter was successfully developed.
  • Azo dye-doped liquid crystals offer a viable medium for diffraction-based optical components.
  • Optimized dye concentration (0.5 wt%) is crucial for achieving high diffraction efficiency.