Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Multifocal Electroretinograms
Published on: December 4, 2011
Multifocal tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome - a case report of a complicated
Gopalan Narendran1, Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza2,3,4, Caian L Vinhaes2,3,4
1National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India.
Background:
Tuberculosis (TB)-associated Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an aberrant inflammatory response in TB patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, after antiretroviral therapy commencement.
Case Presentation:
We present a rare case of a 51-year-old woman living with HIV who developed a series of TB-IRIS events occurring at multiple sites sequentially, highlighting the clinical complexity in diagnosis and management.
Conclusion:
This case illustrates how complicated a clinical scenario of successive TB-IRIS episodes can be, in terms of clinical management.
Related Concept Videos
What is the Immune System?
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...

