Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
11:29

Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies

Published on: January 3, 2011

27.3K

Mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-induced peripheral neuropathy

Ricardo H Roda1, Ahmet Hoke2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.

International Review of Neurobiology
|June 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can cause peripheral neuropathy by disrupting mitochondrial function. This dysfunction affects energy production and involves toxic viral proteins and treatments, impacting neuronal health.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are crucial for neuronal energy production and calcium balance.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in various neuropathies.
  • HIV infection is a known risk factor for peripheral neuropathy, even with treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how HIV infection, its products, and treatments affect mitochondrial function in neurons.
  • To investigate the neurotoxic effects of HIV's gp120 protein on mitochondria.
  • To examine the unexplored role of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in HIV neuropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HIV, mitochondrial function, and neuropathy.
  • Analysis of the impact of viral proteins (gp120) on mitochondrial DNA replication.
  • Discussion of potential disruption in mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum communication.

Main Results:

  • HIV infection and associated factors can lead to abnormal mitochondrial function.
  • Viral gp120 protein exhibits neurotoxic effects impacting mitochondria.
  • Mitochondrial DNA replication may be impaired.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-related neuropathy involves complex mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Further research into mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions is warranted for understanding and treating HIV neuropathy.
Keywords:
HIV neuropathyMitochondrial neuropathygp120

More Related Videos

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients13:50

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

Published on: June 11, 2011

12.7K
Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies08:56

Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies

Published on: October 7, 2021

3.3K

Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
9.0K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
15.4K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
4.1K
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
4.6K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
16.7K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
5.6K