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A Rationale for Change: An Increase in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Fully Vaccinated Children

Christopher C Blyth1,2,3, Sanjay Jayasinghe4,5, Ross M Andrews6,7

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|June 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Australia has seen more invasive pneumococcal disease cases in vaccinated children. This led to changing the infant vaccination schedule from three doses to two primary doses and a booster.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public health surveillance

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant public health concern.
  • An increase in IPD cases among fully vaccinated children in Australia since 2013 was observed.
  • This trend prompted a review of the national infant immunization schedule.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) infant schedule.
  • To determine the necessity of modifying the vaccination schedule in response to rising IPD cases.
  • To inform public health policy regarding childhood immunization strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance data in Australia.
  • Analysis of vaccination records for affected children.
  • Comparison of disease incidence under different vaccination schedules.

Main Results:

  • The study identified a concerning rise in IPD cases despite high vaccination coverage.
  • A shift in the vaccination schedule from a "3 + 0" (2, 4, 6 months) to a "2 + 1" (2, 4, 12 months) regimen was implemented.
  • The change aimed to improve serotype coverage and vaccine effectiveness over time.

Conclusions:

  • The "2 + 1" infant schedule represents a strategic adjustment to the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine program.
  • This modification seeks to address the evolving epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in children.
  • Ongoing surveillance is crucial to assess the long-term impact of the revised schedule on disease prevention.

Keywords:
infantpneumococcusvaccination

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