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Temperate deciduous shrub phenology: the overlooked forest layer.

Alison Donnelly1, Rong Yu2

  • 1Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA. alison.c.donnelly@gmail.com.

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Temperate deciduous shrub phenology is crucial for forest ecosystems, influencing food webs and carbon balance. More research is needed to understand shrub roles, especially concerning invasive species and climate change impacts.

Keywords:
Invasive and nativePhenologyTemperate deciduous shrubs

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Area of Science:

  • Forest Ecology
  • Plant Phenology
  • Ecosystem Functioning

Background:

  • Shrub phenology significantly impacts forest ecosystems, affecting organism habitats, food availability, and carbon uptake periods.
  • Shrubs are often overlooked in ecosystem modeling due to the dominant influence of canopy trees, making their specific contributions to carbon flux and forest phenology difficult to isolate.
  • Changes in shrub species composition, particularly the prevalence of invasive species, can have substantial implications for both overstory and understory species and overall ecosystem function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical but understudied role of temperate deciduous shrub phenology in forest ecosystems.
  • To address the limited research on shrub phenology, which predominantly focuses on managing invasive shrubs in the USA.
  • To emphasize the need for integrated phenological monitoring of both trees and shrubs to understand their roles in carbon balance, invasive species dynamics, and climate change response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review to assess the current state of research on temperate deciduous shrub phenology.
  • Analysis of existing studies on invasive versus native shrub phenological patterns (leaf-out and leaf retention).
  • Identification of research gaps and recommendations for future monitoring strategies.

Main Results:

  • Studies on temperate deciduous shrub phenology are scarce, with most research focused on invasive shrub management in the USA.
  • Some evidence suggests invasive shrubs may leaf out earlier and retain leaves longer than native species, but this may not be universally applicable.
  • The specific contributions of shrubs to ecosystem processes like carbon flux and satellite-detected forest phenology remain challenging to quantify.

Conclusions:

  • Temperate deciduous shrub phenology is a vital but under-researched area of forest ecology.
  • Further research is essential to understand the impact of shrub phenology on carbon balance, invasive species dynamics, and forest ecosystem responses to climate change.
  • Establishing concurrent phenological monitoring sites for both trees and shrubs across diverse geographical locations is crucial for advancing this field.