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Related Concept Videos

Measurement: Standard Units03:38

Measurement: Standard Units

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Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
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Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes02:49

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The free energy change for a reaction that occurs under the standard conditions of 1 bar pressure and at 298 K is called the standard free energy change. Since free energy is a state function, its value depends only on the conditions of the initial and final states of the system. A convenient and common approach to the calculation of free energy changes for physical and chemical reactions is by use of widely available compilations of standard state thermodynamic data. One method involves the...
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Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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Standard Solutions01:14

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Standard solutions refer to solutions with a precisely known concentration or composition. A primary standard is a highly pure, high molar mass, stable substance that is entirely soluble in water, the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. The primary standard solution can be used to standardize secondary standards, which are substances with known concentrations but are less pure and stable. Standard solutions are essential for achieving accurate and reliable results in analytical...
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[Chapter 1. Inter-American Court of Human Rights standards on women’s rights].

Aída Kemelmajer de Carlucci

    Journal International De Bioethique Et D'Ethique Des Sciences
    |June 19, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Inter-American Court of Human Rights protects vulnerable women

    Area of Science:

    • Human Rights Law
    • Gender Studies
    • International Law

    Background:

    • Vulnerable women face significant human rights challenges.
    • Gender-based violence remains a persistent issue globally.
    • The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) plays a crucial role in addressing these issues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the jurisprudence of the IACHR concerning the protection of vulnerable women's rights.
    • To assess the impact of IACHR rulings on combating gender stereotypes and violence.

    Main Methods:

    • Qualitative analysis of IACHR case law.
    • Review of legal scholarship on human rights and gender-based violence.

    Main Results:

    • IACHR jurisprudence is a vital tool for protecting vulnerable women.

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  • Court rulings have contributed to challenging gender stereotypes.
  • Effective methods to combat gender-based violence are still lacking.

    • Conclusions:

    • The IACHR is instrumental in advancing women's rights.
    • Further efforts are needed to develop effective strategies against gender-based violence.