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Bioluminescence Imaging of Heme Oxygenase-1 Upregulation in the Gua Sha Procedure
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Heme Oxygenase-1 Polymorphism Is Associated With the Development of Necrotic Acute Pancreatitis Via Vascular Cell
Aiste Gulla, Antanas Gulbinas1, Zilvinas Dambrauskas1
1Department of Surgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Objectives:
Severe acute pancreatitis can lead to systemic complications. Here, we explore the mechanisms based on our previous study associated with the deregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and development of severe acute pancreatitis.
Methods:
Acute pancreatitis patients (n = 135) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 108) were studied. The polymerase chain reaction products were analyzed with an ABI 3130 genetic analyzer and GeneMapper software. A short allele was defined ≤27 dinucleotide (GT) repeats, whereas a long allele was defined >27 GT. Levels of 12 different cytokines in blood serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All samples in this study were consistently stored in -80°C.
Results:
Patients with the long long genotype expressed E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 at statistically significantly higher levels in serum compared with short short genotype or short long genotypes. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin serum levels significantly correlate with the total allele length of the HO-1 promoter region.
Conclusion:
Polymorphism of the GT repeats in the HO-1 promoter region may be a risk factor for developing acute necrotizing pancreatitis due to deregulation of the immune response.
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include: