Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Microfluidic Co-culture of Renal Healthy and Tumor Epithelium to Model Kidney Cancer Progression
Published on: January 31, 2025
Progression rate in Bosniak category IIF complex renal cysts
Amanda de Vasconcelos Chambi Tames1, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes Fonseca1, Fernando Ide Yamauchi1
1Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Objective:
To evaluate progression rate of Bosniak category IIF complex renal cysts and the malignancy rate among surgically resected cysts.
Materials And Methods:
We performed a database search for complex renal cysts classified as Bosniak category IIF on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging between January 2008 and April 2016. Follow-up examinations (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) were used in order to evaluate progression (Bosniak category reclassification) and stability, the latter being defined as remaining stable for a minimum of six months. Pathology reports were used as the reference to assess the malignancy rate of surgically resected cysts.
Results:
A total of 152 cysts in 143 patients were included in the final analysis. Seven cysts (4.6%) were reclassified on follow-up studies, and mean time to progression was 20 months (range, 1 month to 4 years). Three cysts were surgically resected. All three were diagnosed as low-grade malignant renal cell carcinomas (RCCs): one clear cell RCC and two papillary RCCs. The remaining 145 cysts remained unchanged after a mean follow-up period of 28 months (range, 6 to 118 months).
Conclusion:
The progression rate in Bosniak category IIF cysts was low. Even lesions that were upgraded on follow-up remained stable, indicating an indolent behavior. Our data support the idea of conservative management of Bosniak IIF renal cyst.
Related Concept Videos
Renal Drug Excretion: Effect of Urine pH, Flow Rate, and Drug pKa
The pKa of a...
Categories of Equilibrium
One of the categories of equilibrium is collinear equilibrium, which involves forces acting along a straight line. This type of equilibrium requires only one force equation in the direction of the forces, as the other equations are...
Reaction Rate
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
Drug Classes and Categories
Measuring Reaction Rates
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

