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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Epigenetics and vascular diseases.

Matthew S Stratton1, Floriana Maria Farina2, Leonardo Elia3

  • 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|June 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, offer new therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these epigenetic changes is crucial for developing effective treatments for this leading cause of death.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseasesDNA methylationHistone modificationsLong non-coding RNAsmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease is a leading global cause of mortality and morbidity.
  • Current therapeutic strategies have limitations, necessitating novel approaches.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly recognized for their role in vascular health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms.
  • To review recent findings on epigenetics in vascular diseases.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic targets within epigenetic pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetics and cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of classical epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification).
  • Examination of non-coding RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation in vasculature.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the development of vascular diseases.
  • DNA methylation and histone modifications are key classical epigenetic regulators.
  • Non-coding RNAs represent a novel class of epigenetic mediators in vascular processes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics offers promising avenues for novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular disease.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms could lead to more effective treatments.
  • Further research into non-coding RNAs in vascular epigenetics is warranted.