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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

24.4K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics01:11

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics

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All neuromuscular blocking agents are injected intravenously because they are poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Rapid onset is achieved with intravenous administration, although absorption is also adequate from an intramuscular injection. Since these agents are highly ionized, they do not readily penetrate cell membranes or cross the blood-brain barrier.
Instead, they are transported by the blood to different tissues. Muscles with a greater blood supply (arteries) and blood flow receive more...
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Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:13

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

22.5K
Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
22.5K
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:17

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Mechanism of Action

2.8K
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers induce paralysis by competitively blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the muscle end plate. Examples include pancuronium, mivacurium, vecuronium, and rocuronium. These quaternary ammonium derivatives are administered intravenously, are poorly absorbed, and are excreted via the kidneys.
Competitive antagonists prevent acetylcholine from binding to its receptor, inhibiting membrane depolarization. Without conformational changes or intrinsic...
2.8K
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions01:27

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

945
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
945
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

2.8K
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
2.8K

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Quantification of Interbacterial Competition using Single-Cell Fluorescence Imaging
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Quantification of Interbacterial Competition using Single-Cell Fluorescence Imaging

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Putting Cell Competition under the Microscope.

Jonathan Levinsohn1, Peggy Myung2

  • 1Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Developmental Cell
|June 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two studies reveal how cellular selection shapes the epidermis. They uncover mechanisms controlling which skin cells grow and which disappear during development and normal function.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cellular dynamics
  • Epidermal biology

Background:

  • Clonal dynamics are crucial for tissue development and homeostasis.
  • Understanding cellular selection in the epidermis is key to tissue maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms governing epidermal clonal dynamics during development.
  • To examine the cellular selection processes that occur in the epidermis during homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of findings from Ellis et al. (2019) and Liu et al. (2019).
  • Review of studies focusing on cellular behavior in the epidermis.

Main Results:

  • Identified key mechanisms influencing cell proliferation and elimination in the epidermis.
  • Provided insights into the selection pressures acting on epidermal clones.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular selection plays a critical role in epidermal development and homeostasis.
  • These findings advance our understanding of tissue maintenance and regeneration.