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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Bioprinting Cellularized Constructs Using a Tissue-specific Hydrogel Bioink
Published on: April 21, 2016
High resolution bioprinting of multi-component hydrogels
Ralf Zimmermann1, Christoph Hentschel1, Felix Schrön1
1Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
Abstract:
Materials capable of directing cell fate by providing spatially-graded mechanical and biomolecular cues are critically important in the reconstitution of living matter. Herein, we report a multi-component inkjet bioprinting method that allows for spatially varying composition and network properties in cell-instructive glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-based biohybrid and pure poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with unprecedented (50 μm) resolution. The principle relies on the covalent crosslinking of different polymeric precursors through a very rapid bio-orthogonal Michael type addition scheme adjusted in ways to occur during the fusion of bio-ink droplets prior to and upon contact with the target. Exemplary data show that chemotactic molecular gradients produced by this approach within printed GAG-gels of defined zonal architecture can effectively direct migratory activity and morphogenesis of embedded human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. The introduced methodology is expected to enable a new, holistic level of control over reductionistic tissue and organoid models.
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